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Although the targets of envy have received increasing attention in management research, how envied employees respond to envy remains ambiguous and merits further investigation. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory, this paper aims to reconcile these inconsistent findings by developing and testing a model that elucidates how different types of being envied (i.e. benignly or maliciously) can elicit either favorable or unfavorable motivational and behavioral reactions.

An experience sampling study was conducted on 131 employees across 10 consecutive workdays in China. Focusing on within-person effects, multilevel mediation models using multilevel structural equation modeling were applied.

Results indicated that on days when employees are benignly envied, they engage in more organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) due to increased daily promotion focus. On the contrary, on days when employees are maliciously envied, they participate in more counterproductive work behavior (CWB) due to decreased daily promotion focus.

Organizations and managers should take a more holistic view of workplace envy when considering that envied employees may use OCB to deal with benign envy. Conversely, considering that CWB may emerge from employees who are maliciously envied, it is crucial for managers to be vigilant in discouraging and addressing malicious envy in the workplace.

This paper takes an initial foray into incorporating the concepts of benign envy and malicious envy into the literature on being envied and provides a novel perspective to explain why being envied can lead to both functional and dysfunctional responses.

Independent directors are important corporate decision participants and makers. Based on the Chinese cultural background, this paper interprets the listing order of independent directors as independent directors’ status, exploring their influence on the corporate research and development (R&D) behavior.

This paper studies A-share listed firms in China from 2008 to 2018 as the sample. The main method is ordinary least square (OLS) regression. We also use other methods to deal with endogenous problems, such as the firm fixed effect method, change model method, two-stage instrumental variable method, and Heckman two-stage method.

(1) Higher independent directors’ status attribute to more effective exertion of supervision and consultation function, and positively enhance the corporate R&D investment. The increase of the independent director’ status by one standard deviation will increase the R&D investment by 4.6%. (2) The above effect is more influential in firms with stronger traditional culture atmosphere, higher information opacity and higher performance volatility. (3) High-status independent directors promote R&D investment by improving the scientificity of R&D evaluation and reducing information asymmetry. (4) The enhancing effect of independent director’ status on R&D investment is positively associated with the firm’s patent output and market value.

This paper contributes to understanding the relationship between the independent directors’ status and their duty execution from an embedded cultural background perspective. The findings of the study enlighten the improvement of corporate governance efficiency and the healthy development of the capital market.

This study aims to clarify the relationship between the coefficient of friction (COF) and temperature of aluminum-based brake discs.

Three friction blocks with different COFs are examined by a TM-I-type reduced-scale inertial braking dynamometer. On this basis, the thermo-mechanically coupled model of friction pairs is established to study the evolution of brake disc temperature under different COFs using ADINA software.

Results indicate that the calculated disc temperature field matches the experimental well. The effect of COF on the peak temperature is magnified by the braking speed. With the COF increasing, the rise rate of instantaneous peak temperature is accelerated, and the dynamic equilibrium period and cooling-down period are observed in advance. The increase in COF promotes the area ratio of the high-temperature zone and the maximum radial temperature difference. When the COF is increased from 0.245 to 0.359 and 0.434 at 140 km/h, the area ratio of high-temperature zone increases from 12% to 44% and 49% and the maximum radial temperature difference increases from 56°C to 75°C and 83°C. The sensitiveness of the axial temperature difference to the COF is related to the braking time. The maximum axial temperature difference increases with COF in the early stages of braking, while it is hardly sensitive to the COF in the later stages of braking.

The effect of COF on the aluminum-based brake disc temperature is revealed, providing a theoretical reference for the popularization of aluminum-based brake discs and the selection of matching brake pads.

This study aims to clarify the relationship of friction material type and brake disc temperature through braking experiment.

The braking performances of resin materials (RM), semimetallic materials (SM) and copper-based powder metallurgy materials (PM) friction blocks mating with forged steel brake disc were examined based on TM-I-type reduced-scale inertial braking dynamometer. The brake disc surface temperature was recorded by infrared thermal camera during braking.

Experimental results indicate that the thermal wear resistance of three friction materials differs with mental content, resulting in the deviation of pad-disc system contact state during braking, thus forming different temperature distribution on the brake disc surface. The peak temperature on the disc face of RM (190°C) is 36.6% and 45.4% lower than that of PM (300°C) and SM (348°C) at 160 km/h. The maximum radial temperature deviation of PM (35°C) is approximately three times than that of RM (12°C) and 40% higher than that of SM (25°C) at 50 km/h, whereas the maximum temperature deviation of SM (97°C) is six times than that of RM (16°C) and 31% higher than that of PM (74°C) at 160 km/h.

The effect of friction material type on the disc surface temperature distribution is revealed, which provides a meaningful reference for the design of brake friction pairs and choice of brake pad materials.

Since the multi-component of powder metallurgy was dispersed, and each component sheared flow and tiered under the action of friction force, it was difficult to disclose the evolution characteristics of each component. Meanwhile, third body mixing with particles of each component covered on the friction surface, which further increased the difficulty of understanding evolution of each component and the corresponding third body in the friction process. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a mechanical assembled method which compact several component sheets in order.

Pure copper, aluminum and artificial graphite sheets with thickness 0.5, 1 and 2 mm, respectively, were assembled into a jig by mechanical compact method. The relationship between arrangement patterns of the components and its friction coefficient was studied by using fixed speed friction test machine, the speed range from 200 to 2,000 r/min and the pressure range from 0.25 to 0.64 MPa.

The testing results showed that when the distribution of same components was congregated, friction coefficient dropped from 0.6 to 0.4. While the distribution of different components was dispersed, friction coefficient dropped from 0.6 to 0.25. The friction coefficient decline was caused by performances changes of third body fluidity. The sufficiently mixed third body made third body adhesion weaker and increased third body fluidity. That provoked friction coefficient decreasing obviously at high speed. On the contrary, with the high congregation of same components, strong third body adhesion led to a rougher surface which contributed to a higher friction coefficient.

By means of the mechanical-assembled multi-layer components to reveal the influence mechanism of every component on friction properties, will provide a new test approach for tribology.

Purpose − The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel and simple strategy for construction of hybrid‐“stress function” plane element. Design/methodology/approach − First, a complementary energy functional, in which the Airy stress function is taken as the functional variable, is established within an element for analysis of plane problems. Second, 15 basic analytical solutions (in global Cartesian coordinates) of the stress function are taken as the trial functions for an 8‐node element, and meanwhile, 15 unknown constants are then introduced. Third, according to the principle of minimum complementary energy, the unknown constants can be expressed in terms of the displacements along element edges, which are interpolated by element nodal displacements. Finally, the whole system can be rewritten in terms of element nodal displacement vector. Findings − A new hybrid element stiffness matrix is obtained. The resulting 8‐node plane element, denoted as analytical trial function (ATF‐Q8), possesses excellent performance in numerical examples. Furthermore, some numerical defects, such as direction dependence and interpolation failure, are not found in present model. Originality/value − This paper presents a new strategy for developing finite element models exhibits advantages of both analytical and discrete method.

The emotion regulation research has drawn considerable attention from academicians and scholars in the contemporary world. As a result, the publications that are specifically dedicated to emotion regulation research are rapidly escalating. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research articles that have been published in the field of “emotion regulation.” The study primarily examines the growth and development of scholarly publications, seminal studies, influential authors, productive journals, research production and collaboration among countries, emerging research themes, research hotspots and thematic evolution of emotion regulation research.

The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to gather the study’s data, which was then analysed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, Biblioshiney open-source package of the R language environment.

The study’s results reveal that the research on emotion regulation has grown significantly over the last three decades. Notably, Emotion and Frontiers in Psychology are the most dominant and productive journals in the field of emotion regulation research. The most prominent author in the area of emotion regulation is identified as James Gross, followed by Gratz, Wang and Tull. The USA is at the forefront of research on emotion regulation and has collaborated with most of the developed countries like Germany, England and Canada. The keyword analysis revealed that the most potential research areas in the field of emotion regulation are functional magnetic resonance imaging, amygdala, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, depression, anxiety, functional connectivity, neuroimaging, mindfulness, self-regulation, resilience and coping. The thematic evolution reflects that the research on emotion regulation has recently focused on issues including Covid-19, non-suicidal self-injury, psychological distress, intimate partner violence and mental health.

The results of this study highlighted the current knowledge gaps in emotion regulation research and suggested areas for further investigation. The present study could be useful for researchers, academicians, planners, publishers and universities engaged in emotion regulation research.

Drawing upon the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, this research examines the contribution of distributed leadership (DL) to ambidextrous innovation and the mediating roles of employees' eudaimonic well-being (EWB) and hedonic well-being (HWB) in this link. It also investigates the moderating effect of employees' age in the relationship between DL and EWB and HWB.

The author formulated a series of hypotheses that we tested based on a survey of 329 middle managers working in Tunisian ICT firms and through the partial least square-structural equation modelling method.

This research provides empirical evidence of the mediating effects of EWB and HWB between DL and ambidextrous innovation. The multi-group analysis performed shows that employees' age moderates the links between DL and EWB and HWB. These relationships are significant and positive for Generation X and Generation Y and not for Baby-Boomers.

Despite the importance of the DL style, this variable has been studied mainly within educational institutions. This research pioneers the investigation of the mediating effect of HWB and EWB between DL and ambidextrous innovation in the business context. A major implication is that, through a DL style, managers can nurture the well-being of employees of different ages and promote ambidextrous innovation.

The ever-demanding role of employees in the hospitality sector stimulates job crafting. This study examines the relationship between inclusive leadership and job-crafting dimensions under the mediating role of work engagement through the lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory. It also aims to analyse the boundary condition of job autonomy between inclusive leadership and work engagement.

The data were collected in 3-time lags from 319 front-line workers in the hospitality sector. The adopted and adapted questionnaires were executed through a deductive approach and an applied research method. The data were analysed through SmartPLS by applying the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique.

This study provides evidence for a predictive relationship between inclusive leadership and job-crafting dimensions under the mediating psychological mechanism of work engagement. Additionally, the moderating role of job autonomy is established in the unique context of the hospitality sector of an underdeveloped country, Pakistan.

Services-based organisations need to endure the inclusive leadership style by establishing work engagement practices. Engaged employees result in better job-crafting behaviours through better training and subsequent performance.

This study established that work engagement and job autonomy are imperative forces that impact the relationship between inclusive leadership and job-crafting dimensions. The research study has time-lagged data and conveys meaningful theoretical and practical implications.

This paper aims to establish a photoacoustic detection system for SO₂ using UV-LED and testify its feasibility for sensitive measurement. The work in this paper can avoid potential crossover interference in infrared (IR) range and also balance the capability and cost of feasible excitation for photoacoustic detection system.

In this experimental work, a cantilever-enhanced–based photoacoustic SO₂ detection system using an ultraviolet (UV) LED light source with a light power of 4 mW as the excitation was established.

A feasible photoacoustic detection system for SO₂ using UV-LED was established. Experimental results demonstrate that the detection limit of the system can reach the level of 0.667 ppm, which can serve as a reference for the application of PAS in insulation fault diagnosis.

This work investigated the potential of using ultraviolet photoacoustic spectroscopy to detect trace SO₂, which provided an ideal replacement of infrared-laser-based detection system. In this paper, a photoacoustic detection system using LED with a low light power was established. Low light power requirement can expand the options of light sources accordingly. In this paper, the absorption characteristics of SO₂ in the presented detection system and ultraviolet range were studied. And the detection limit of the presented system was given. Both of which can provide reference to SO₂ detection in ambient SF₆.